The Ideal Worker: White, male, middle-class fathers enjoy themselves at a work-related function. In a capitalist society such as ours, the "ideal worker" is white, male, and a father. He is dedicated to his work because he needs to provide for his family, but unlike mothers he is less likely to take time off work for child-related reasons such as sickness.
Gender Wage Gap: The wage gap is the general earning difference between men and women in the workforce. From 1960 on, the wage gap steadily decreased until about 1990, when the progress began slowing. In 2013, the average woman earned 78 cents to every dollar a man made. The gap is greater for minorities with the average Hispanic women earning 54 cents to a Caucasian man's dollar.
The Glass Ceiling: The glass ceiling is an invisible barrier that prevents females, and most non-whites, from advancing to top-level positions based on attitudinal or organizational bias. It is a global phenomenon; no matter where you go, the higher positions are almost exclusively male and racially of the majority. This is not always intentional, as sexism (and racism) can often be unconscious and unintentional.
Breast Feeding & the Workplace: Despite most experts agreeing that breast milk is better for babies, most mother's cannot afford it. Rarely is there space within a workplace where mother's can express and store their milk. Those women who do chose to breastfeed often face a steep income decline in the first five years of their child's life, which only worsens the longer the mother breastfeeds.
Motherhood Penalty: Mothers in the United States suffer a per-child wage penalty of approximately 5%. Compared to mothers, women without children are more than twice as likely to receive interview requests and are often offered, on average, $11,000 more a year in compensation. Studies have concluded that poorer woman are more affected than wealthy women and are often penalized more harshly.
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